Spacecraft Tracking and Data Acquisition Network



The Spacecraft Tracking and Data (Acquisition) Network (STADAN or STDN) was established by NASA to satisfy the requirement for long-duration, highly-available space-to-ground communications. Real-time operational control and scheduling of the network was provided by the Network Operations Control Center (NOCC) at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Consisting of parabolic dish antennas and telephone switching equipment deployed around the world, the STADAN provided space-to-ground communications for approximately 15 minutes of a 90-minute orbit period. This limited contact period sufficed for unmanned spacecraft, but manned spacecraft require a much higher data collection time. In May 1971 STADAN was consolidated with the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN) to form the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN).

Stations
STADAN stations were located:
 * Greenbelt, Maryland, USA (ETC) - Network Operations Control Center
 * Orroral Valley, Canberra, Australia (ORR)
 * Carnarvon, Australia (CRO)
 * Cooby Creek, Toowoomba, Australia
 * Johannesburg, South Africa (BUR)
 * Tananarive, Madagascar (TAN)
 * East Grand Forks, Minnesota, USA
 * Shoe Cove, Newfoundland, Canada (NFL) 47.74111°N, -52.72083°W
 * Fort Myers, Florida, USA
 * Quito, Ecuador (QUI)
 * Lima, Peru
 * Santiago, Chile (AGO)
 * Antofagasta, Chile
 * Fairbanks, Alaska, USA (ULA)
 * Winkfield, England (WNK)
 * Rosman, North Carolina, USA (ROS)
 * Goldstone, California, USA (GDS)
 * Barstow, California, USA
 * Brown Field near Chula Vista, California, USA
 * Pakistan
 * Crete, Greece
 * Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean
 * Coopers Island, Bermuda (BDA)

Later developments
Most of the STADAN stations were phased out in the early 1980s, as the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRS), took over most of the work of tracking satellites in near earth orbit. Another network, the Deep Space Network (DSN), interacted with manned craft higher than 10,000 miles from Earth, such as the Apollo missions, in addition to its primary mission of data collection from deep space probes.