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| type =[[NASA]] [[Astronaut]]
  
| type =[[NASA]] [[Astronaut]]
 
| status =Retired
  
| status =Retired
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| nationality =[[United States|American]]
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| nationality =American
 
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1935|8|19}}
  
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1935|8|19}}
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| birth_place =[[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], U.S.
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| birth_place =Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
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| occupation =[[Physician]]
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| occupation =Physician
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| alma_mater =[[Syracuse University|SU]], B.S. 1958<br/>[[University of California, Los Angeles|UCLA]], MBA 1959<br/>[[Marietta College]], B.A. 1960<br/>[[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons|P&S]], M.D. 1964<br/>[[University of Kentucky|UK]], M.S. 1966<br/>[[University of Houston–Clear Lake|UHCL]], M.A. 1987
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| alma_mater =SU, B.S. 1958<br/>UCLA, MBA 1959<br/>[[Marietta College]], B.A. 1960<br/>[[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons|P&S]], M.D. 1964<br/>UK, M.S. 1966<br/>[[University of Houston–Clear Lake|UHCL]], M.A. 1987
 
| selection =[[NASA Astronaut Group 6|1967 NASA Group 6]]
  
| selection =[[NASA Astronaut Group 6|1967 NASA Group 6]]
 
| eva1 =4
  
| eva1 =4
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| awards =[[File:NASA Distinguished Service Medal.jpg|20px|link=NASA Distinguished Service Medal]]
  
| awards =[[File:NASA Distinguished Service Medal.jpg|20px|link=NASA Distinguished Service Medal]]
 
|}}
  
|}}
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'''Franklin Story Musgrave''', [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] (born August 19, 1935) is an [[United States|American]] [[physician]] and a retired [[NASA]] [[astronaut]]. He is a [[public speaker]]<ref>Community Digest. 2012. Lake County News-Sun (Waukegan, IL, October 4, 2012)</ref> and [[consultant]] to both [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]'s [[Imagineering]] group and [[Applied Minds]] in California. In 1996 he became only the second astronaut to achieve the record of six spaceflights, and he is the most formally educated astronaut with six academic degrees.
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'''Franklin Story Musgrave''', M.D. (born August 19, 1935) is an American physician and a retired [[NASA]] [[astronaut]]. He is a [[public speaker]]<ref>Community Digest. 2012. Lake County News-Sun (Waukegan, IL, October 4, 2012)</ref> and consultant to both [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]]'s [[Imagineering]] group and [[Applied Minds]] in California. In 1996 he became only the second astronaut to achieve the record of six spaceflights, and he is the most formally educated astronaut with six academic degrees.
   
 
==Personal life==
  
==Personal life==
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Musgrave was born August 19, 1935, and grew up in [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]], but considers [[Lexington, Kentucky]], to be his hometown.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html | title = Biographical Data | accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref> He had six children, one of whom is deceased.
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Musgrave was born August 19, 1935, and grew up in [[Stockbridge, Massachusetts]], but considers Lexington, Kentucky, to be his hometown.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html | title = Biographical Data | accessdate=2011-11-26}}</ref> He had six children, one of whom is deceased.
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<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.spacestory.com/storyf.htm | title = Space Story: Biography | last = Lenehan | first = Anne | accessdate=2007-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html | title = Biographical Data | accessdate=2014-10-29}}</ref> His hobbies are [[chess]], [[aviation|flying]], [[gardening]], [[literary criticism]], [[poetry]], [[microcomputer]]s, [[parachute|parachuting]], [[photography]], [[Reading (activity)|reading]], [[running]], [[scuba diving]], [[Lift (soaring)|soaring]] and [[mulch]].
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<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.spacestory.com/storyf.htm | title = Space Story: Biography | last = Lenehan | first = Anne | accessdate=2007-10-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html | title = Biographical Data | accessdate=2014-10-29}}</ref> His hobbies are chess, [[aviation|flying]], gardening, [[literary criticism]], poetry, [[microcomputer]]s, [[parachute|parachuting]], photography, [[Reading (activity)|reading]], running, scuba diving, [[Lift (soaring)|soaring]] and [[mulch]].
   
 
In the early 1990s, Musgrave was [[stalking|stalked]] by [[Margaret Mary Ray]], a [[schizophrenic]] woman who had previously served time for stalking comedian [[David Letterman]].<ref>Foster, David & Levinson, Arlene. [http://www.onlineathens.com/1998/101198/1011.a3letterman.html Suicide on a railroad track ends a celebrity-stalker's inner agony], Associated Press, October 11, 1998</ref>
  
In the early 1990s, Musgrave was [[stalking|stalked]] by [[Margaret Mary Ray]], a [[schizophrenic]] woman who had previously served time for stalking comedian [[David Letterman]].<ref>Foster, David & Levinson, Arlene. [http://www.onlineathens.com/1998/101198/1011.a3letterman.html Suicide on a railroad track ends a celebrity-stalker's inner agony], Associated Press, October 11, 1998</ref>
   
 
==Education==
  
==Education==
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Story Musgrave attended [[Dexter School]], [[Brookline, Massachusetts]] and [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Mark's School]], [[Southborough, Massachusetts]], from 1947 to 1953, prior to dropping out of St. Mark's shortly before graduation. While serving in the Marines, Story would go on to receive his GED.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lenahan/Musgrave|first1=Anne/Story|url=http://www.storymusgrave.com/biography_biographies_anne_lenehan_page03.htm|title=Musgrave's Personal Site}}</ref> He received a [[Bachelor of Science|B.S.]] degree in [[Mathematics]] and [[Statistics]] from [[Syracuse University]] in 1958, an [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] degree in Operations Analysis and [[Computer Programming]] from the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] in 1959, a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree in [[Chemistry]] from [[Marietta College]] in 1960, an [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] degree from [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons]] in 1964, an [[master of science|M.S.]] degree in [[Physiology]] and [[Biophysics]] from the [[University of Kentucky]] in 1966, and a [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] degree in [[Literature]] from the [[University of Houston–Clear Lake]] in 1987.<ref>NASA's Scientist-Astronauts, [[Colin Burgess (author)|Burgess, Colin]] and Shayler, David, 2007, Springer Praxis, ISBN 0-387-21897-1, Pages 150-151.</ref>
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Story Musgrave attended [[Dexter School]], Brookline, Massachusetts and [[St. Mark's School (Massachusetts)|St. Mark's School]], [[Southborough, Massachusetts]], from 1947 to 1953, prior to dropping out of St. Mark's shortly before graduation. While serving in the Marines, Story would go on to receive his GED.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Lenahan/Musgrave|first1=Anne/Story|url=http://www.storymusgrave.com/biography_biographies_anne_lenehan_page03.htm|title=Musgrave's Personal Site}}</ref> He received a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Statistics from Syracuse University in 1958, an MBA degree in Operations Analysis and [[Computer Programming]] from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1959, a B.A. degree in Chemistry from [[Marietta College]] in 1960, an M.D. degree from [[Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons]] in 1964, an M.S. degree in Physiology and [[Biophysics]] from the University of Kentucky in 1966, and a [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] degree in Literature from the [[University of Houston–Clear Lake]] in 1987.<ref>NASA's Scientist-Astronauts, [[Colin Burgess (author)|Burgess, Colin]] and Shayler, David, 2007, Springer Praxis, ISBN 0-387-21897-1, Pages 150-151.</ref>
   
 
==Military career==
  
==Military career==
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Musgrave entered the [[United States Marine Corps]] in 1953, served as an aviation electrician and instrument technician, and as an aircraft crew chief while completing duty assignments in [[Korea]], [[Japan]] and [[Hawaii]], and aboard the carrier [[USS Wasp (CV-18)|USS ''Wasp'']] in the [[Far East]]. Musgrave's brother was based on the same carrier as he, as an aviator, and on one mission crashed after takeoff and died after the carrier "ran over him".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfELc0XuW_w&t=4m59s Musgrave TED Talk]</ref> Musgrave has flown 17,700 hours in 160 different types of civilian and military aircraft, including 7,500 hours in [[jet aircraft]]. He has earned [[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]] ratings for [[flight instructor|instructor]], instrument instructor, [[Glider (sailplane)|glider]] instructor, and airline transport pilot, and [[astronaut wings]]. An accomplished [[parachutist]], he has made more than 800 free falls — including over 100 experimental free-fall descents involved with the study of human aerodynamics.
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Musgrave entered the United States Marine Corps in 1953, served as an aviation electrician and instrument technician, and as an aircraft crew chief while completing duty assignments in Korea, Japan and Hawaii, and aboard the carrier [[USS Wasp (CV-18)|USS ''Wasp'']] in the Far East. Musgrave's brother was based on the same carrier as he, as an aviator, and on one mission crashed after takeoff and died after the carrier "ran over him".<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OfELc0XuW_w&t=4m59s Musgrave TED Talk]</ref> Musgrave has flown 17,700 hours in 160 different types of civilian and military aircraft, including 7,500 hours in jet aircraft. He has earned FAA ratings for instructor, instrument instructor, glider instructor, and airline transport pilot, and [[astronaut wings]]. An accomplished parachutist, he has made more than 800 free falls — including over 100 experimental free-fall descents involved with the study of human aerodynamics.
   
 
==Medical career==
  
==Medical career==
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Musgrave was employed as a mathematician and operations analyst by the [[Eastman Kodak Company]], [[Rochester, New York]], during 1958.
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Musgrave was employed as a mathematician and operations analyst by the [[Eastman Kodak Company]], Rochester, New York, during 1958.
   
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He served a surgical internship at the [[University of Kentucky]] Medical Center in [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington]] from 1964 to 1965, and continued there as a U.S. Air Force post-doctoral fellow (1965–1966), working in [[aerospace medicine]] and physiology, and as a National Heart Institute post-doctoral [[fellow]] (1966–1967), teaching and doing research in cardiovascular and [[exercise physiology]]. From 1967 to 1989, he continued clinical medicine on a part-time basis at Denver General Hospital (presently known as [[Denver Health Medical Center]]) and as a part-time instructor of physiology and biophysics at the University of Kentucky Medical Center.
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He served a surgical internship at the University of Kentucky Medical Center in Lexington from 1964 to 1965, and continued there as a U.S. Air Force post-doctoral fellow (1965–1966), working in [[aerospace medicine]] and physiology, and as a National Heart Institute post-doctoral fellow (1966–1967), teaching and doing research in cardiovascular and [[exercise physiology]]. From 1967 to 1989, he continued clinical medicine on a part-time basis at Denver General Hospital (presently known as [[Denver Health Medical Center]]) and as a part-time instructor of physiology and biophysics at the University of Kentucky Medical Center.
   
 
He has written or been listed as a co-author of twenty five scientific papers in the areas of [[aerospace medicine]] and physiology, [[temperature regulation]], exercise physiology, and clinical surgery.
  
He has written or been listed as a co-author of twenty five scientific papers in the areas of [[aerospace medicine]] and physiology, [[temperature regulation]], exercise physiology, and clinical surgery.
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Musgrave was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August, 1967. He completed astronaut academic training and then worked on the design and development of the [[Skylab]] Program. He was the backup science-pilot for the first Skylab mission.
  
Musgrave was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August, 1967. He completed astronaut academic training and then worked on the design and development of the [[Skylab]] Program. He was the backup science-pilot for the first Skylab mission.
   
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Musgrave participated in the design and development of all [[Space Shuttle]] extra-vehicular activity equipment, including [[spacesuit]]s, [[life support]] systems, [[airlock]]s and [[Manned Maneuvering Unit]]s. From 1979 to 1982, and 1983 to 1984, he was assigned as a test and verification pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory at [[Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center|JSC]].
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Musgrave participated in the design and development of all [[Space Shuttle]] extra-vehicular activity equipment, including [[spacesuit]]s, [[life support]] systems, airlocks and [[Manned Maneuvering Unit]]s. From 1979 to 1982, and 1983 to 1984, he was assigned as a test and verification pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory at [[Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center|JSC]].
   
 
Musgrave served as a [[Flight controller#Capsule Communicator .28CAPCOM.29|CAPCOM]] (capsule [spacecraft] communicator) for the second and third Skylab missions, [[STS-31]], [[STS-35]], [[STS-36]], [[STS-38]] and [[STS-41]]. He was a [[Mission Specialist]] on [[STS-6]] (1983), [[STS-51-F]]/Spacelab-2 (1985), [[STS-33]] (1989), [[STS-44]] (1991), and [[STS-80]] (1996); and the Payload Commander on [[STS-61]] (1993).
  
Musgrave served as a [[Flight controller#Capsule Communicator .28CAPCOM.29|CAPCOM]] (capsule [spacecraft] communicator) for the second and third Skylab missions, [[STS-31]], [[STS-35]], [[STS-36]], [[STS-38]] and [[STS-41]]. He was a [[Mission Specialist]] on [[STS-6]] (1983), [[STS-51-F]]/Spacelab-2 (1985), [[STS-33]] (1989), [[STS-44]] (1991), and [[STS-80]] (1996); and the Payload Commander on [[STS-61]] (1993).
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===STS-6===
  
===STS-6===
 
{{main|STS-6}}
  
{{main|STS-6}}
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He first flew on [[STS-6]], which launched from the [[Kennedy Space Center]], on April 4, 1983, and landed at [[Edwards Air Force Base]] in [[California]], on April 9, 1983. During this maiden voyage of [[Space Shuttle Challenger|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'']], the crew performed the first Shuttle deployment of an IUS/TDRS satellite, and Musgrave and [[Donald H. Peterson|Don Peterson]] conducted the first Space Shuttle [[extra-vehicular activity]] (EVA) to test the new space suits and construction and repair devices and procedures. Mission duration was 5 days, 23 minutes, 42 seconds.
 +
He first flew on [[STS-6]], which launched from the [[Kennedy Space Center]], on April 4, 1983, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California, on April 9, 1983. During this maiden voyage of [[Space Shuttle Challenger|Space Shuttle ''Challenger'']], the crew performed the first Shuttle deployment of an IUS/TDRS satellite, and Musgrave and [[Donald H. Peterson|Don Peterson]] conducted the first Space Shuttle [[extra-vehicular activity]] (EVA) to test the new space suits and construction and repair devices and procedures. Mission duration was 5 days, 23 minutes, 42 seconds.
   
 
===STS-51-F===
  
===STS-51-F===
 
{{main|STS-51-F}}
  
{{main|STS-51-F}}
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On [[STS-51-F]]/Spacelab-2, the crew aboard ''Challenger'' launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 29 July 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on 6 August 1985. This flight was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission, and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments in [[astronomy]], [[astrophysics]], and [[life sciences]]. During this mission, Musgrave served as the [[systems engineering|systems engineer]] during launch and entry, and as a pilot during the orbital operations. Mission duration was 7 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes, 26 seconds.
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On [[STS-51-F]]/Spacelab-2, the crew aboard ''Challenger'' launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 29 July 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on 6 August 1985. This flight was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission, and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments in astronomy, astrophysics, and [[life sciences]]. During this mission, Musgrave served as the [[systems engineering|systems engineer]] during launch and entry, and as a pilot during the orbital operations. Mission duration was 7 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes, 26 seconds.
   
 
===STS-33===
  
===STS-33===
 
{{main|STS-33}}
  
{{main|STS-33}}
−
On [[STS-33]], he served aboard the [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']], which launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 22 November 1989. This classified mission operated payloads for the [[United States Department of Defense]]. Following 79 orbits, the mission concluded on 27 November 1989, with a landing at sunset on Runway 04 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Mission duration was 5 days, 7 minutes, 32 seconds.
 +
On [[STS-33]], he served aboard the [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']], which launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 22 November 1989. This classified mission operated payloads for the United States Department of Defense. Following 79 orbits, the mission concluded on 27 November 1989, with a landing at sunset on Runway 04 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Mission duration was 5 days, 7 minutes, 32 seconds.
   
 
[[File:Hubble First Servicing EVA - GPN-2000-001085.jpg|thumb|250px|Musgrave, anchored on the end of the [[Canadarm]], prepares to be elevated to the top of the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] to install protective covers on the [[magnetometers]] as part of [[STS-61]]]]
  
[[File:Hubble First Servicing EVA - GPN-2000-001085.jpg|thumb|250px|Musgrave, anchored on the end of the [[Canadarm]], prepares to be elevated to the top of the [[Hubble Space Telescope]] to install protective covers on the [[magnetometers]] as part of [[STS-61]]]]
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===STS-61===
  
===STS-61===
 
{{main|STS-61}}
  
{{main|STS-61}}
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[[STS-61]] was the first [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) servicing and repair mission. Following a night launch from Kennedy Space Center on 2 December 1993, [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] rendezvoused with and captured the HST. During this 11-day flight, the HST was restored to its full capabilities through the work of two pairs of astronauts during a record 5 spacewalks. Musgrave performed 3 of these spacewalks. After having travelled 4,433,772 miles in 163 orbits of the Earth, ''Endeavour'' returned to a night landing in [[Florida]] on 13 December 1993. Mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, 59 minutes.
 +
[[STS-61]] was the first [[Hubble Space Telescope]] (HST) servicing and repair mission. Following a night launch from Kennedy Space Center on 2 December 1993, [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|''Endeavour'']] rendezvoused with and captured the HST. During this 11-day flight, the HST was restored to its full capabilities through the work of two pairs of astronauts during a record 5 spacewalks. Musgrave performed 3 of these spacewalks. After having travelled 4,433,772 miles in 163 orbits of the Earth, ''Endeavour'' returned to a night landing in Florida on 13 December 1993. Mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, 59 minutes.
   
 
===STS-80===
  
===STS-80===
 
{{main|STS-80}}
  
{{main|STS-80}}
−
On [[STS-80]], (19 November to 7 December 1996), the crew aboard [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] deployed and retrieved the [[Wake Shield Facility]] (WSF) and the [[Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer]] (ORFEUS) [[satellite]]s. The free-flying WSF created a super vacuum in its wake in which to grow [[thin film wafer]]s for use in semiconductors and the electronics industry. The ORFEUS instruments, mounted on the reusable [[Shuttle Pallet Satellite]], studied the origin and makeup of stars. During deorbit and landing, Musgrave stood in the cockpit and pointed a handheld video camera out the windows. In doing so, he recorded the plasma streams over the orbiter's hull for the first time, and he is still the only astronaut to see them first-hand. In completing this mission he logged a record 278 earth orbits, traveled over 7 million miles in 17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes.
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On [[STS-80]], (19 November to 7 December 1996), the crew aboard [[Space Shuttle Columbia|Space Shuttle ''Columbia'']] deployed and retrieved the [[Wake Shield Facility]] (WSF) and the [[Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer]] (ORFEUS) satellites. The free-flying WSF created a super vacuum in its wake in which to grow [[thin film wafer]]s for use in semiconductors and the electronics industry. The ORFEUS instruments, mounted on the reusable [[Shuttle Pallet Satellite]], studied the origin and makeup of stars. During deorbit and landing, Musgrave stood in the cockpit and pointed a handheld video camera out the windows. In doing so, he recorded the plasma streams over the orbiter's hull for the first time, and he is still the only astronaut to see them first-hand. In completing this mission he logged a record 278 earth orbits, traveled over 7 million miles in 17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes.
   
 
==Organizations==
  
==Organizations==
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He is a member of [[Phi Delta Theta]], [[Alpha Kappa Psi]], the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]], [[Beta Gamma Sigma]], the Civil Aviation Medical Association, the Flying Physicians Association, the International Academy of Astronautics, the Marine Corps Aviation Association, the [[National Aeronautic Association]], the National Aerospace Education Council, the [[National Geographic Society]], the [[United States Navy League|Navy League]], the [[New York Academy of Sciences]], [[Omicron Delta Kappa]], the [[Soaring Club of Houston]], the [[Soaring Society of America]] and the [[United States Parachute Association]].
 +
He is a member of Phi Delta Theta, [[Alpha Kappa Psi]], the American Association for the Advancement of Science, [[Beta Gamma Sigma]], the Civil Aviation Medical Association, the Flying Physicians Association, the International Academy of Astronautics, the Marine Corps Aviation Association, the [[National Aeronautic Association]], the National Aerospace Education Council, the National Geographic Society, the [[United States Navy League|Navy League]], the [[New York Academy of Sciences]], [[Omicron Delta Kappa]], the [[Soaring Club of Houston]], the [[Soaring Society of America]] and the [[United States Parachute Association]].
   
 
==Awards and honors==
  
==Awards and honors==
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{| class="wikitable"
  
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
  
|-
−
|colspan=3 align=center|[[Meritorious Unit Commendation]] | [[NASA Distinguished Service Medal]]
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|colspan=3 align=center|Meritorious Unit Commendation | [[NASA Distinguished Service Medal]]
 
|-
  
|-
−
|align=center|[[NASA Exceptional Service Medal]]<br>with one [[5/16 inch star|star]]
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|align=center|[[NASA Exceptional Service Medal]]<br>with one star
 
|align=center|[[NASA Space Flight Medal]]<br>with five stars
  
|align=center|[[NASA Space Flight Medal]]<br>with five stars
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|align=center|[[National Defense Service Medal]]
 +
|align=center|National Defense Service Medal
 
|}
  
|}
 
</center>
  
</center>
   
−
*[[United States Air Force]] Post-doctoral Fellowship (1965–1966)
 +
*United States Air Force Post-doctoral Fellowship (1965–1966)
 
*[[National Heart Institute]] Post-doctoral Fellowship (1966–1967)
  
*[[National Heart Institute]] Post-doctoral Fellowship (1966–1967)
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*[[Reese Air Force Base]] Commander's Trophy (1969)
 +
*Reese Air Force Base Commander's Trophy (1969)
 
*[[American College of Surgeons]] I.S. Ravdin Lecture (1973)
  
*[[American College of Surgeons]] I.S. Ravdin Lecture (1973)
 
*Flying Physicians Association Airman of the Year Award (1974 & 1983)
  
*Flying Physicians Association Airman of the Year Award (1974 & 1983)
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==Quotes==
  
==Quotes==
 
* "I came from an extraordinarily dysfunctional family, full of abuse and alcoholism... It's hard to say what drives a three year-old, but I think I had a sense that nature was my solace, and nature was a place in which there was beauty, in which there was order."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Musgrave|first1=Story|title=Interview: Story Musgrave, Dean of American Astronauts|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/mus0int-1|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref>
  
* "I came from an extraordinarily dysfunctional family, full of abuse and alcoholism... It's hard to say what drives a three year-old, but I think I had a sense that nature was my solace, and nature was a place in which there was beauty, in which there was order."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Musgrave|first1=Story|title=Interview: Story Musgrave, Dean of American Astronauts|url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/mus0int-1|website=www.achievement.org|publisher=American Academy of Achievement|accessdate=16 July 2014}}</ref>
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* "When you see a launch from the outside, it's a rather glorious, magnificent thing. Inside, it's the absolute opposite of that. It's 137 decibels. It's shaking. Everything is shaking. You're along for the ride and you want to survive that. So, it's not a joy ride for me. It's what I need to go through to get into the incredible serenity and celestial dance of zero gravity."<ref>"[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0759860/]", [[Hyperspace (TV Series)|Hyperspace]], [[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]], aired 2001-08-26.</ref>
 +
* "When you see a launch from the outside, it's a rather glorious, magnificent thing. Inside, it's the absolute opposite of that. It's 137 decibels. It's shaking. Everything is shaking. You're along for the ride and you want to survive that. So, it's not a joy ride for me. It's what I need to go through to get into the incredible serenity and celestial dance of zero gravity."<ref>"[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0759860/]", [[Hyperspace (TV Series)|Hyperspace]], British Broadcasting, aired 2001-08-26.</ref>
 
* "Getting out of the comfortable path, that's what exploration is all about."<ref>{{cite web |title=Story Musgrave Interview |work=Academy of Achievement website |url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mus0int-1}}</ref>
  
* "Getting out of the comfortable path, that's what exploration is all about."<ref>{{cite web |title=Story Musgrave Interview |work=Academy of Achievement website |url=http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mus0int-1}}</ref>
−
* "People love Hubble images. It tells 'em where they are from, it tells 'em where they're going, it ties it all together."<ref>"[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/programs/ht/tm/3512.html?site=30&pl=qt&rate=hi&ch=2 Space Shuttle Disaster]", [[Nova (TV series)|Nova]], [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]. Boston: [[WGBH-TV|WGBH]], aired 2008-10-14 ([http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/3512_columbia.html transcript] ).</ref>
 +
* "People love Hubble images. It tells 'em where they are from, it tells 'em where they're going, it ties it all together."<ref>"[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/programs/ht/tm/3512.html?site=30&pl=qt&rate=hi&ch=2 Space Shuttle Disaster]", [[Nova (TV series)|Nova]], PBS. Boston: [[WGBH-TV|WGBH]], aired 2008-10-14 ([http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/3512_columbia.html transcript] ).</ref>
   
 
==See also==
  
==See also==
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{{Portal|Biography|Spaceflight}}
  
 
*[[List of spaceflight records]]
  
*[[List of spaceflight records]]
   
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==External links==
  
==External links==
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{{Commons category}}
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{{Commons|Category:Story Musgrave}}
 
*[http://www.storymusgrave.com/ Official website of Story Musgrave]
  
*[http://www.storymusgrave.com/ Official website of Story Musgrave]
 
*[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html Musgrave's official NASA biography]
  
*[http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html Musgrave's official NASA biography]
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{{NASA Astronaut Group 6}}
  
{{NASA Astronaut Group 6}}
   
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{{Wikipedia|Story Musgrave}}
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{{Authority control}}
  
   
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<!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]] -->
  
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musgrave, Story}}
  
{{DEFAULTSORT:Musgrave, Story}}
 
[[Category:1935 births]]
  
[[Category:1935 births]]

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Franklin Story Musgrave, M.D. (born August 19, 1935) is an American physician and a retired NASA astronaut. He is a public speaker[2] and consultant to both Disney's Imagineering group and Applied Minds in California. In 1996 he became only the second astronaut to achieve the record of six spaceflights, and he is the most formally educated astronaut with six academic degrees.

Personal life[]

Musgrave was born August 19, 1935, and grew up in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, but considers Lexington, Kentucky, to be his hometown.[3] He had six children, one of whom is deceased. [4][5] His hobbies are chess, flying, gardening, literary criticism, poetry, microcomputers, parachuting, photography, reading, running, scuba diving, soaring and mulch.

In the early 1990s, Musgrave was stalked by Margaret Mary Ray, a schizophrenic woman who had previously served time for stalking comedian David Letterman.[6]

Education[]

Story Musgrave attended Dexter School, Brookline, Massachusetts and St. Mark's School, Southborough, Massachusetts, from 1947 to 1953, prior to dropping out of St. Mark's shortly before graduation. While serving in the Marines, Story would go on to receive his GED.[7] He received a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Statistics from Syracuse University in 1958, an MBA degree in Operations Analysis and Computer Programming from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1959, a B.A. degree in Chemistry from Marietta College in 1960, an M.D. degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1964, an M.S. degree in Physiology and Biophysics from the University of Kentucky in 1966, and a M.A. degree in Literature from the University of Houston–Clear Lake in 1987.[8]

Military career[]

Musgrave entered the United States Marine Corps in 1953, served as an aviation electrician and instrument technician, and as an aircraft crew chief while completing duty assignments in Korea, Japan and Hawaii, and aboard the carrier USS Wasp in the Far East. Musgrave's brother was based on the same carrier as he, as an aviator, and on one mission crashed after takeoff and died after the carrier "ran over him".[9] Musgrave has flown 17,700 hours in 160 different types of civilian and military aircraft, including 7,500 hours in jet aircraft. He has earned FAA ratings for instructor, instrument instructor, glider instructor, and airline transport pilot, and astronaut wings. An accomplished parachutist, he has made more than 800 free falls — including over 100 experimental free-fall descents involved with the study of human aerodynamics.

Medical career[]

Musgrave was employed as a mathematician and operations analyst by the Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York, during 1958.

He served a surgical internship at the University of Kentucky Medical Center in Lexington from 1964 to 1965, and continued there as a U.S. Air Force post-doctoral fellow (1965–1966), working in aerospace medicine and physiology, and as a National Heart Institute post-doctoral fellow (1966–1967), teaching and doing research in cardiovascular and exercise physiology. From 1967 to 1989, he continued clinical medicine on a part-time basis at Denver General Hospital (presently known as Denver Health Medical Center) and as a part-time instructor of physiology and biophysics at the University of Kentucky Medical Center.

He has written or been listed as a co-author of twenty five scientific papers in the areas of aerospace medicine and physiology, temperature regulation, exercise physiology, and clinical surgery.

NASA career[]

Musgrave was selected as a scientist-astronaut by NASA in August, 1967. He completed astronaut academic training and then worked on the design and development of the Skylab Program. He was the backup science-pilot for the first Skylab mission.

Musgrave participated in the design and development of all Space Shuttle extra-vehicular activity equipment, including spacesuits, life support systems, airlocks and Manned Maneuvering Units. From 1979 to 1982, and 1983 to 1984, he was assigned as a test and verification pilot in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory at JSC.

Musgrave served as a CAPCOM (capsule [spacecraft] communicator) for the second and third Skylab missions, STS-31, STS-35, STS-36, STS-38 and STS-41. He was a Mission Specialist on STS-6 (1983), STS-51-F/Spacelab-2 (1985), STS-33 (1989), STS-44 (1991), and STS-80 (1996); and the Payload Commander on STS-61 (1993).

A veteran of six space flights, Musgrave has spent a total of 1,281 hours, 59 minutes, 22 seconds on space missions, including nearly 27 hours of EVA.

Musgrave is the only astronaut to have flown on all five Space Shuttles. Prior to John Glenn's return to space in 1998, Musgrave held the record for the oldest person in orbit, at age 61.[10]

He retired from NASA in 1997.

Spaceflight experience[]

STS-6[]

Main article: STS-6

He first flew on STS-6, which launched from the Kennedy Space Center, on April 4, 1983, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California, on April 9, 1983. During this maiden voyage of Space Shuttle Challenger, the crew performed the first Shuttle deployment of an IUS/TDRS satellite, and Musgrave and Don Peterson conducted the first Space Shuttle extra-vehicular activity (EVA) to test the new space suits and construction and repair devices and procedures. Mission duration was 5 days, 23 minutes, 42 seconds.

STS-51-F[]

Main article: STS-51-F

On STS-51-F/Spacelab-2, the crew aboard Challenger launched from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 29 July 1985, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on 6 August 1985. This flight was the first pallet-only Spacelab mission, and the first mission to operate the Spacelab Instrument Pointing System (IPS). It carried 13 major experiments in astronomy, astrophysics, and life sciences. During this mission, Musgrave served as the systems engineer during launch and entry, and as a pilot during the orbital operations. Mission duration was 7 days, 22 hours, 45 minutes, 26 seconds.

STS-33[]

Main article: STS-33

On STS-33, he served aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery, which launched at night from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on 22 November 1989. This classified mission operated payloads for the United States Department of Defense. Following 79 orbits, the mission concluded on 27 November 1989, with a landing at sunset on Runway 04 at Edwards Air Force Base, California. Mission duration was 5 days, 7 minutes, 32 seconds.

Hubble First Servicing EVA - GPN-2000-001085

Musgrave, anchored on the end of the Canadarm, prepares to be elevated to the top of the Hubble Space Telescope to install protective covers on the magnetometers as part of STS-61

STS-44[]

Main article: STS-44

STS-44 also launched at night on 24 November 1991. The primary mission objective was accomplished with the successful deployment of a Defense Support Program (DSP) satellite with an Inertial Upper Stage (IUS) rocket booster. In addition the crew also conducted two Military Man in Space Experiments, three radiation monitoring experiments, and numerous medical tests to support longer duration Shuttle flights. The mission was concluded in 110 orbits of the Earth with Atlantis returning to a landing on the lakebed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on 1 December 1991. Mission duration was 6 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes, 42 seconds.

STS-61[]

Main article: STS-61

STS-61 was the first Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing and repair mission. Following a night launch from Kennedy Space Center on 2 December 1993, Endeavour rendezvoused with and captured the HST. During this 11-day flight, the HST was restored to its full capabilities through the work of two pairs of astronauts during a record 5 spacewalks. Musgrave performed 3 of these spacewalks. After having travelled 4,433,772 miles in 163 orbits of the Earth, Endeavour returned to a night landing in Florida on 13 December 1993. Mission duration was 10 days, 19 hours, 59 minutes.

STS-80[]

Main article: STS-80

On STS-80, (19 November to 7 December 1996), the crew aboard Space Shuttle Columbia deployed and retrieved the Wake Shield Facility (WSF) and the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) satellites. The free-flying WSF created a super vacuum in its wake in which to grow thin film wafers for use in semiconductors and the electronics industry. The ORFEUS instruments, mounted on the reusable Shuttle Pallet Satellite, studied the origin and makeup of stars. During deorbit and landing, Musgrave stood in the cockpit and pointed a handheld video camera out the windows. In doing so, he recorded the plasma streams over the orbiter's hull for the first time, and he is still the only astronaut to see them first-hand. In completing this mission he logged a record 278 earth orbits, traveled over 7 million miles in 17 days, 15 hours, 53 minutes.

Organizations[]

He is a member of Phi Delta Theta, Alpha Kappa Psi, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Beta Gamma Sigma, the Civil Aviation Medical Association, the Flying Physicians Association, the International Academy of Astronautics, the Marine Corps Aviation Association, the National Aeronautic Association, the National Aerospace Education Council, the National Geographic Society, the Navy League, the New York Academy of Sciences, Omicron Delta Kappa, the Soaring Club of Houston, the Soaring Society of America and the United States Parachute Association.

Awards and honors[]

Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon NasaDisRib
Gold star
USA - NASA Excep Rib
Silver star
SpaceFltRib
 National Defense Service Medal ribbon
Meritorious Unit Commendation | NASA Distinguished Service Medal
NASA Exceptional Service Medal
with one star 		NASA Space Flight Medal
with five stars 		National Defense Service Medal
  • United States Air Force Post-doctoral Fellowship (1965–1966)
  • National Heart Institute Post-doctoral Fellowship (1966–1967)
  • Reese Air Force Base Commander's Trophy (1969)
  • American College of Surgeons I.S. Ravdin Lecture (1973)
  • Flying Physicians Association Airman of the Year Award (1974 & 1983)

Other work[]

Musgrave has made cameo appearances on several documentary TV programs, as well as the movie Mission to Mars (2000) as "3rd CAPCOM" and the TV show Home Improvement by Touchstone Television. In 2012, he appeared at Chicon 7, the 70th World Science Fiction Convention, as the "Astronaut Guest of Honor." [11]

Quotes[]

  • "I came from an extraordinarily dysfunctional family, full of abuse and alcoholism... It's hard to say what drives a three year-old, but I think I had a sense that nature was my solace, and nature was a place in which there was beauty, in which there was order."[12]
  • "When you see a launch from the outside, it's a rather glorious, magnificent thing. Inside, it's the absolute opposite of that. It's 137 decibels. It's shaking. Everything is shaking. You're along for the ride and you want to survive that. So, it's not a joy ride for me. It's what I need to go through to get into the incredible serenity and celestial dance of zero gravity."[13]
  • "Getting out of the comfortable path, that's what exploration is all about."[14]
  • "People love Hubble images. It tells 'em where they are from, it tells 'em where they're going, it ties it all together."[15]

See also[]

  • List of spaceflight records

References[]

PD-icon This article incorporates http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/policies.html#Guidelines public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

  1. ↑ Story Musgrave's EVA experience
  2. ↑ Community Digest. 2012. Lake County News-Sun (Waukegan, IL, October 4, 2012)
  3. ↑ "Biographical Data". http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html. Retrieved 2011-11-26. 
  4. ↑ Lenehan, Anne. "Space Story: Biography". http://www.spacestory.com/storyf.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-29. 
  5. ↑ "Biographical Data". http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/musgrave.html. Retrieved 2014-10-29. 
  6. ↑ Foster, David & Levinson, Arlene. Suicide on a railroad track ends a celebrity-stalker's inner agony, Associated Press, October 11, 1998
  7. ↑ Lenahan/Musgrave, Anne/Story. "Musgrave's Personal Site". http://www.storymusgrave.com/biography_biographies_anne_lenehan_page03.htm. 
  8. ↑ NASA's Scientist-Astronauts, Burgess, Colin and Shayler, David, 2007, Springer Praxis, ISBN 0-387-21897-1, Pages 150-151.
  9. ↑ Musgrave TED Talk
  10. ↑ Nasa.gov
  11. ↑ "Chicon 7: Story Musgrave". http://chicon7.org/musgrave.php. Retrieved 2012-09-16. 
  12. ↑ Musgrave, Story. "Interview: Story Musgrave, Dean of American Astronauts". American Academy of Achievement. http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/printmember/mus0int-1. Retrieved 16 July 2014. 
  13. ↑ "[1]", Hyperspace, British Broadcasting, aired 2001-08-26.
  14. ↑ "Story Musgrave Interview". Academy of Achievement website. http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/mus0int-1. 
  15. ↑ "Space Shuttle Disaster", Nova, PBS. Boston: WGBH, aired 2008-10-14 (transcript ).

External links[]

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